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Version: 23.10

Secure your platform

This chapter suggests how to best secure your Centreon platform.

Strengthen user account security​

After installing Centreon, you must change the default passwords of the following users:

  • root
  • centreon
  • centreon-engine
  • centreon-broker
  • centreon-gorgone

To do this, use the following command with a privileged account (e.g., sudo) or with root (not recommended — you should have a dedicated user):

passwd <account_name>

In addition, it is important to verify that the Apache account does not have connection rights to the terminal. Execute the following command:

cat /etc/passwd | grep apache

You must have /sbin/nologin like:

apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin

As a reminder, the list of users and groups can be found here

Enable SELinux​

Centreon developed SELinux rules in order to strengthen the control of components by the operating system.

These rules are currently in beta mode and can be activated. You can activate them by following this procedure. If you detect a problem, you can disable SELinux globally and send us your feedback in order to improve our rules on Github.

SELinux Overview​

Security Enhanced Linux (SELinux) provides an additional layer of system security. SELinux fundamentally answers the question: May <subject> do <action> to <object>?, for example: May a web server access files in users' home directories?

The standard access policy based on the user, group, and other permissions, known as Discretionary Access Control (DAC), does not enable system administrators to create comprehensive and fine-grained security policies, such as restricting specific applications to only viewing log files, while allowing other applications to append new data to the log files.

SELinux implements Mandatory Access Control (MAC). Every process and system resource has a special security label called an SELinux context. An SELinux context, sometimes referred to as an SELinux label, is an identifier that abstracts away the system-level details and focuses on the security properties of the entity. Not only does this provide a consistent way of referencing objects in the SELinux policy, but it also removes any ambiguity that can be found in other identification methods. For example, a file can have multiple valid path names on a system that makes use of bind mounts.

The SELinux policy uses these contexts in a series of rules that define how processes can interact with each other and the various system resources. By default, the policy does not allow any interaction unless a rule explicitly grants access.

For more information about SELinux, please see Red Hat documentation

Activate SELinux​

By default, SELinux is disabled during the Centreon installation process and must be reenabled after it for security reasons.

To enable SELinux again, edit the /etc/selinux/config file and change the value with the following options:

  • SELINUX=enforcing to make SELinux security policy enforced.
  • SELINUX=permissive to make SELinux print warnings instead of enforce security policy.

Then reboot your server:

shutdown -r now

Install Centreon SELinux packages​

Depending on the type of server, install the packages with the following command:

dnf install centreon-common-selinux \
centreon-web-selinux \
centreon-broker-selinux \
centreon-engine-selinux \
centreon-gorgoned-selinux \
centreon-plugins-selinux

To check the installation, execute the following command:

semodule -l | grep centreon

Depending on your type of server, you can see:

centreon-broker	0.0.5
centreon-common	0.0.10
centreon-engine	0.0.8
centreon-gorgoned	0.0.3
centreon-plugins	0.0.2
centreon-web	0.0.8

Audit logs and enable SELinux​

Before enabling SELinux in enforcing mode, you need to be sure that no errors appear using the following command:

cat /var/log/audit/audit.log | grep -i denied

If errors appear, you must analyze them and decide if these errors are regular and should be added to the Centreon default SELinux rules. To do this, use the following command to transform errors into SELinux rules:

audit2allow -a

Then execute the proposed rules.

If after a while, no error is present, you can activate SELinux in full mode by following this procedure using enforcing mode.

Do not hesitate to give us your feedback on Github.

Securing configuration files​

Change the permissions for the following configuration files:

chown centreon:centreon /etc/centreon/conf.pm
chmod 660 /etc/centreon/conf.pm

and

chown apache:apache /etc/centreon/centreon.conf.php
chmod 660 /etc/centreon/centreon.conf.php

Securing root access to the DBMS​

MariaDB proposes a default procedure to secure the DBMS installation. It is mandatory to set a password for the root user of the database. If you haven't already done so, please execute the following command and follow the instructions:

mysql_secure_installation

Enable firewalld​

Install firewalld:

dnf install firewalld

Enable firewalld:

systemctl enable firewalld
systemctl start firewalld

Then add rules for firewalld:

The list of network flows required for each type of server is defined here.

Execute the following commands (change the port numbers if you have customized them):

# For default protocols
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-service=ssh --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-service=http --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-service=https --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-service=snmp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-service=snmptrap --permanent
# Centreon Gorgone
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=5556/tcp --permanent
# Centreon Broker
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=5669/tcp --permanent

Once the rules have been added, reload firewalld:

firewall-cmd --reload

To check that the configuration has been applied correctly, use the following command to list all active rules:

firewall-cmd --list-all

For instance:

public (active)
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: eth0
  sources:
  services: http snmp snmptrap ssh
  ports: 5556/tcp 5669/tcp
  protocols:
  forward: no
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports:
  source-ports:
  icmp-blocks:
  rich rules:

Enable fail2ban​

Fail2Ban is an intrusion prevention software framework that protects computer servers from brute-force attacks.

Install the inotify module:

dnf install python3-inotify

Install fail2ban:

yum install epel-release
yum install fail2ban fail2ban-systemd

If you have SELinux installed, then update the SELinux policies:

yum update -y selinux-policy*

Enable fail2ban:

systemctl enable fail2ban
systemctl start fail2ban

Copy the default rules file:

cp /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf /etc/fail2ban/jail.local

Edit the file /etc/fail2ban/jail.local and search the [centreon] block, then modify like this:

[centreon]
port    = http,https
logpath = /var/log/centreon/login.log
backend  = pyinotify

To enable the centreon fail2ban rule, create the /etc/fail2ban/jail.d/custom.conf file and add the following lines:

[centreon]
enabled = true
findtime = 10m
bantime = 10m
maxretry = 3

maxretry is the number of authentications failed before banning the IP address

bantime is the duration of the ban

findtime is the time range to find authentication failed

Then restart fail2ban to load your rule:

systemctl restart fail2ban

To check the status of the centreon rule you can run:

fail2ban-client status centreon

Here is an example of output:

Status for the jail: centreon
|- Filter
|  |- Currently failed:	1
|  |- Total failed:	17
|  `- File list:	/var/log/centreon/login.log
`- Actions
   |- Currently banned:	0
   |- Total banned:	2
   `- Banned IP list:

For more information, go to the official website.

Secure the web server with HTTPS​

By default, Centreon installs a web server in HTTP mode. It is strongly recommended that you switch to HTTPS mode by adding your certificate. It is also recommended that you use a certificate validated by an authority rather than a self-signed one.

  • If you already have a certificate validated by an authority, you can go directly to this step to activate HTTPS mode on your Apache server.

  • If you do not have a certificate validated by an authority, you can generate one on platforms such as Let's Encrypt.

  • If you need to create a certificate with the self-signed method, follow this step before activating HTTPS mode on your server.

Creating a self-signed certificate​

This procedure allows you to create:

  • A private key for the server: centreon7.key in our case. It will be used by the Apache service.
  • A CSR (Certificate Signing Request) file: centreon7.csr in our case.
  • A private key for the certificate of the certification authority: ca_demo.key in our case.
  • A x509 certificate to sign your certificate for the server: ca-demo.crt in our case.
  • A certificate for the server: centreon7.crt in our case.

Let's assume that you have a Centreon server with a centreon7.localdomain FQDN address.

  1. Prepare the OpenSSL configuration:

Due to a policy change at Google, self-signed certificates may be rejected by the Google Chrome browser (it is not even possible to add an exception). To continue using this browser, you must change the OpenSSL configuration.

Open the file /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf. The goal here is to edit this file in order to inform the various IPs and FQDNs for the server.

Find the [v3_ca] section in order to add a new alt_names tag:

# Add the alt_names tag that allows you to inform our various IPs and FQDNs for the server
[ alt_names ]
IP.1 = xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
DNS.1 = centreon7.localdomain
# If you have several IP (HA: vip + ip)
# IP.2 = xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
[ v3_ca ]
subjectAltName = @alt_names

Here is an example of how the file should look:

[ alt_names ]
IP.1 = 10.25.11.73
DNS.1 = centreon7.localdomain

[ v3_ca ]
subjectAltName = @alt_names
  1. Create a private key for the server:

Let's create a private key named centreon7.key without a password so that it can be used by the Apache service.

openssl genrsa -out centreon7.key 2048

Protect your file by limiting rights:

chmod 400 centreon7.key
  1. Create a Certificate Signing Request file:

From the key you created, create a CSR (Certificate Signing Request) file: centreon7.csr in our case. Fill in the fields according to your company. The Common Name field must be identical to the hostname of your Apache server (in our case it is centreon7.localdomain).

openssl req -new -key centreon7.key -out centreon7.csr
  1. Create a private key for the certificate of certification authority:

Create a private key for this authority: ca_demo.key in our case. We add the -aes256 option to encrypt the output key and include a password. This password will be requested each time this key is used.

openssl genrsa -aes256 2048 > ca_demo.key
  1. Create an x509 certificate from the private key of the certificate of certification authority:

Create an x509 certificate that will be valid for one year: ca_demo.crt in our case.

Note that it is necessary to simulate a trusted third party, so the Common Name field must be different from the server certificate.

openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -key ca_demo.key -out ca_demo.crt

The certificate being created will enable you to sign your server certificate.

  1. Create a certificate for the server:

Create your certificate for the server by using the x509 certificate (ca_demo.crt) to sign it.

openssl x509 -req -in centreon7.csr -out centreon7.crt -CA ca_demo.crt -CAkey ca_demo.key -CAcreateserial -CAserial ca_demo.srl  -extfile /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf -extensions v3_ca

The password created at step Create a private key for the certificate of certification authority must be entered. You get your server certificate named centreon7.crt.

You can view the contents of the file:

less centreon7.crt
  1. You must then retrieve the x509 certificate file (ca_demo.crt) and import it into your browser's certificate manager.

Now that you have your self-signed certificate, you can perform the following procedure to activate HTTPS mode on your Apache server.

Activating HTTPS mode on your web server​

  1. Install the SSL module for Apache:
dnf install mod_ssl mod_security openssl
  1. Install your certificates:

Install your certificates (centreon7.key and centreon7.crt in our example) by copying them to the Apache configuration:

cp centreon7.key /etc/pki/tls/private/
cp centreon7.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs/
  1. Back up the previous Apache configuration for Centreon:
cp /etc/httpd/conf.d/10-centreon.conf{,.origin}
  1. Edit the Centreon Apache configuration:

Centreon offers an example of a configuration file to enable HTTPS, available in the following directory: /usr/share/centreon/examples/centreon.apache.https.conf

Edit the /etc/httpd/conf.d/10-centreon.conf file by adding the *<VirtualHost :443> section.

Define base_uri "/centreon"
Define install_dir "/usr/share/centreon"

ServerTokens Prod

<VirtualHost *:80>
    RewriteEngine On
    RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off
    RewriteRule (.*) https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI}
</VirtualHost>

This is how the file should look:

Define base_uri "/centreon"
Define install_dir "/usr/share/centreon"

ServerTokens Prod

<VirtualHost *:80>
    RewriteEngine On
    RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off
    RewriteRule (.*) https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI}
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:443>
    #####################
    # SSL configuration #
    #####################
    SSLEngine On
    SSLProtocol All -SSLv3 -SSLv2 -TLSv1 -TLSv1.1
    SSLCipherSuite ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-DSS-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-DSS-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:AES256-GCM-SHA384:AES128-GCM-SHA256:!aNULL:!eNULL:!LOW:!3DES:!MD5:!EXP:!PSK:!DSS:!RC4:!SEED:!ADH:!IDEA
    SSLHonorCipherOrder On
    SSLCompression Off
    SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca.crt
    SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/ca.key

    Header set X-Frame-Options: "sameorigin"
    Header always edit Set-Cookie ^(.*)$ $1;HttpOnly;SameSite=Strict
    Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains"
    ServerSignature Off
    TraceEnable Off

    Alias ${base_uri}/api ${install_dir}
    Alias ${base_uri} ${install_dir}/www/

    <IfModule mod_brotli.c>
        AddOutputFilterByType BROTLI_COMPRESS text/html text/plain text/xml text/css text/javascript application/javascript application/json
    </IfModule>

    AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html text/plain text/xml text/css text/javascript application/javascript application/json

    <LocationMatch ^\${base_uri}/?(?!api/latest/|api/beta/|api/v[0-9]+/|api/v[0-9]+\.[0-9]+/)(.*\.php(/.*)?)$>
        ProxyPassMatch "fcgi://127.0.0.1:9042${install_dir}/www/$1"
    </LocationMatch>

    <LocationMatch ^\${base_uri}/?(authentication|api/(latest|beta|v[0-9]+|v[0-9]+\.[0-9]+))/.*$>
        ProxyPassMatch "fcgi://127.0.0.1:9042${install_dir}/api/index.php/$1"
    </LocationMatch>

    ProxyTimeout 300
    ErrorDocument 404 ${base_uri}/index.html
    Options -Indexes +FollowSymLinks

    <IfModule mod_security2.c>
        # https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/issues/652
        SecRuleRemoveById 200003
    </IfModule>

    <Directory "${install_dir}/www">
        DirectoryIndex index.php
        AllowOverride none
        Require all granted
        FallbackResource ${base_uri}/index.html
    </Directory>

    <Directory "${install_dir}/api">
        AllowOverride none
        Require all granted
    </Directory>

    <If "'${base_uri}' != '/'">
        RedirectMatch ^/$ ${base_uri}
    </If>
</VirtualHost>

Do not forget to change the SSLCertificateFile and SSLCertificateKeyFile directives with the path containing your certificate and key. In our case: SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/centreon7.crt and SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/centreon7.key.

  1. Enable HttpOnly / Secure flags and hide the Apache server signature:

Edit the /etc/httpd/conf.d/10-centreon.conf file and add the following lines before the <VirtualHost> tag:

Header always edit Set-Cookie ^(.*)$ $1;HttpOnly;Secure;SameSite=Strict
Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains"
ServerSignature Off
ServerTokens Prod

Edit the /etc/php.d/50-centreon.ini file and turn off the expose_php parameter:

expose_php = Off
  1. Hide the default /icons directory:

Edit the /etc/httpd/conf.d/autoindex.conf file and comment the following line:

#Alias /icons/ "/usr/share/httpd/icons/"
  1. You can perform this test to check that Apache is properly configured, by running the following command:
apachectl configtest

The expected result is the following:

Syntax OK
  1. Restart the Apache and PHP processes to take the new configuration into account:
systemctl restart php-fpm httpd

Then check its status:

systemctl status httpd

If everything is ok, you should have:

● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
  Drop-In: /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.d
           └─php-fpm.conf
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2020-10-27 12:49:42 GMT; 2h 35min ago
     Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
 Main PID: 1483 (httpd)
   Status: "Total requests: 446; Idle/Busy workers 100/0;Requests/sec: 0.0479; Bytes served/sec: 443 B/sec"
    Tasks: 278 (limit: 5032)
   Memory: 39.6M
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─1483 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─1484 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─1485 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─1486 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─1487 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           └─1887 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

Now you can access your platform with your browser in HTTPS mode.

Once your web server is set to HTTPS mode, if you have a MAP server on your platform, you must set it to HTTPS mode too, otherwise recent web browsers may block communication between the two servers. The procedure is detailed here.

  1. Gorgone API configuration

Replace 127.0.0.1 with the FQDN of your central server in the /etc/centreon-gorgone/config.d/31-centreon-api.yaml file:

gorgone:
  tpapi:
    - name: centreonv2
      base_url: "http://centreon7.localdomain/centreon/api/latest/"
      username: "centreon-gorgone"
      password: "bpltc4aY"
    - name: clapi
      username: "centreon-gorgone"
      password: "bpltc4aY"

Then restart the Gorgone daemon:

systemctl restart gorgoned

Then check its status:

systemctl status gorgoned

If everything is ok, you should have:

● gorgoned.service - Centreon Gorgone
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/gorgoned.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2023-03-06 15:58:10 CET; 27min ago
 Main PID: 1791096 (perl)
    Tasks: 124 (limit: 23040)
   Memory: 595.3M
   CGroup: /system.slice/gorgoned.service
           ├─1791096 /usr/bin/perl /usr/bin/gorgoned --config=/etc/centreon-gorgone/config.yaml --logfile=/var/log/centreon-gorgone/gorgoned.log --severity=info
           ├─1791109 gorgone-statistics
           ├─1791112 gorgone-legacycmd
           ├─1791117 gorgone-engine
           ├─1791118 gorgone-audit
           ├─1791125 gorgone-nodes
           ├─1791138 gorgone-action
           ├─1791151 gorgone-cron
           ├─1791158 gorgone-dbcleaner
           ├─1791159 gorgone-autodiscovery
           ├─1791166 gorgone-httpserver
           ├─1791180 gorgone-proxy
           ├─1791181 gorgone-proxy
           ├─1791182 gorgone-proxy
           ├─1791189 gorgone-proxy
           └─1791190 gorgone-proxy

mars 06 15:58:10 ito-central systemd[1]: gorgoned.service: Succeeded.
mars 06 15:58:10 ito-central systemd[1]: Stopped Centreon Gorgone.
mars 06 15:58:10 ito-central systemd[1]: Started Centreon Gorgone.

You should see the following line in the Gorgone daemon log file /var/log/centreon-gorgone/gorgoned.log:

2023-03-06 15:58:12 - INFO - [autodiscovery] -class- host discovery - sync started

Custom URI​

It is possible to customize the URI for your Centreon platform. For example, /centreon can be replaced by /monitoring.

At least one path level is mandatory.

To customize the Centreon URI:

  1. Edit the Apache configuration file for Centreon Web:
vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/10-centreon.conf
  1. Replace /centreon with your new path:
Define base_uri "/centreon"
  1. Restart Apache:
systemctl restart httpd

Enabling http2​

It is possible to enable the http2 protocol to improve Centreon's network performance.

To use http2, you need to follow these steps:

  1. Configure https on Centreon

  2. Install the nghttp2 module:

dnf install nghttp2
  1. Enable the http2 protocol in /etc/httpd/conf.d/10-centreon.conf:
...
<VirtualHost *:443>
    Protocols h2 h2c http/1.1
    ...
</VirtualHost>
...

  1. Update the method used by the apache multi-process module in /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf:

    Comment the following line:

    LoadModule mpm_prefork_module modules/mod_mpm_prefork.so

    Uncomment the following line:

    LoadModule mpm_event_module modules/mod_mpm_event.so

  2. Restart the Apache process to take the new configuration into account:

systemctl restart httpd

User authentication​

Centreon offers several methods to authenticate users:

Create user profiles​

Centreon offers to manage access permissions to the different menus, resources and possible actions on resources via the management of Access Control List.

Secure communications between servers​

It is strongly recommended to secure communications between the different servers of the Centreon platform if some servers are not in a secure network.

The Table of network flows is available here.

Centreon Broker communication​

Centreon Broker and the firewall​

In certain cases, you may not be able to initialize the Centreon Broker data flow from the poller (or the Remote Server) to the Central Server or the Remote Server. See the following configuration to invert the flow.

Centreon Broker flow authentication​

If you need to authenticate pollers that are sending data to the monitoring system, you can use the Centreon Broker authentication mechanism, which is based on X.509 certificates. See the following configuration to authenticate the peer.

Compress and encrypt Centreon Broker communication​

It is also possible to compress and encrypt Centreon Broker communication. Go to the Configuration > Pollers > Broker configuration menu, edit your Centreon Broker configuration and enable for IPv4 inputs and outputs:

  • Enable TLS encryption: Auto
  • Enable negotiation: Yes
  • Compression (zlib): Auto

Centreon Gorgone communication​

By default, ZMQ communications are secured; both external communications (with the poller) and internal ones (between gorgone processes).

However, the gorgone HTTP API is unsecured by default. Only localhost can talk with gorgone, but the communication does not take place using SSL.

You can configure SSL in the /etc/centreon-gorgone/config.d/40-gorgoned.yaml file.

Then you must configure gorgone using the Administration > Parameters > Gorgone page.

The /etc/centreon-gorgone/config.d/whitelist.conf.d/centreon.yaml file (on your central server, your remote servers and your pollers) contains the whitelists for Gorgone. If you want to customize the allowed commands, do not edit this file. Create a new one in the same folder, e.g. /etc/centreon-gorgone/config.d/whitelist.conf.d/custom.yaml.

Security Information and Event Management - SIEM​

Centreon event logs are available in the following directories:

Logs directoryCentral serverRemote ServerPollerCentreon Map serverCentreon MBI Server
/var/log/centreonXX
/var/log/centreon-brokerXXX
/var/log/centreon-engineXXX
/var/log/centreon-gorgoneXXX
/var/log/centreon-biXX
/var/log/centreon-mapXXXX

In addition, all actions to modify the Centreon configuration carried out by users are available via the Administration > Logs menu.

Backing up the platform​

Centreon offers to save the configuration of the platform. To do this, go to the Administration > Parameters > Backup menu.